KPV

Immune Modulation

aka Lys-Pro-Val · alpha-MSH (11-13) · K-P-V tripeptide

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Formula

MW (Da)

Half-life

~few minutes

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Overview

KPV is the tripeptide Lys-Pro-Val, a minimal active fragment from the C-terminus of alpha-MSH. It is one of the more interesting translational anti-inflammatory peptides in gastrointestinal research, but current evidence is overwhelmingly preclinical.

Mechanism

The clearest mechanistic literature shows PepT1-mediated uptake of KPV in intestinal epithelial and immune cells, with resulting suppression of key inflammatory pathways, especially NF-kB and MAPK-linked cytokine responses. Colitis work indicates that anti-inflammatory effects are at least partly independent of MC1R, while keratinocyte studies show KPV can also trigger intracellular calcium signaling in melanocortin-related contexts.

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Reported benefits

Reduced disease severity in DSS and TNBS colitis (animal)

In mouse models, oral or enteric KPV reduced disease severity in DSS and TNBS colitis. One study identified about 10 mcg daily as the most effective dose in DSS colitis.

[kpv-ibd-mouse]

preclinical

Nanoparticle delivery improves tissue targeting

Later oral nanoparticle formulations improved tissue targeting and efficacy while appearing biocompatible.

[xiao-ha-kpv-np]

preclinical

Reported side effects

No human incidence data
anecdotal
Human incidence data are not available. The most reassuring data are preclinical formulation studies showing KPV-loaded nanoparticles were nontoxic and biocompatible with intestinal cells, but those are formulation biocompatibility findings, not human safety proof.

Dosing notes

Routes vary considerably across papers, including drinking-water oral exposure, oral nanoparticle delivery, and intracolonic administration. One commonly cited DSS-colitis study identified about 10 mcg/day as an effective daily amount in mice. Because administration platforms differ so much, cross-study dose comparison is difficult.

Research use only. Information on this page is editorial reference, not medical or dosing advice. Always consult qualified medical guidance before use.

Storage

No reliable compound-specific storage or shelf-life source was retrieved from official labels or manufacturer datasheets in the reviewed set.

Vendors carrying KPV

No approved vendors are listing this peptide yet. Check back later or browse the full vendor directory.

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References

[dalmasso-pept1]
PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation
Dalmasso G et al. · PubMed
Source
[kannengiesser-kpv]
Melanocortin-derived tripeptide KPV has anti-inflammatory activity
Kannengiesser K et al. · PubMed
Source
[xiao-ha-kpv-np]
HA-KPV nanoparticles for colonic delivery
Xiao B et al. · Molecular Therapy / ScienceDirect
Source
[kpv-ibd-mouse]
KPV in DSS colitis and inflammatory bowel disease models
Authors per Ovid journal entry · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Source
[kpv-gastrojournal]
KPV anti-inflammatory activity (Gastroenterology)
Authors per Gastroenterology entry · Gastroenterology
Source