MOTS-c

Metabolic

aka Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c · MOTS-c peptide · Mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP)

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Formula

MW (Da)

Half-life

~9 hours

Saves

Overview

MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide, not a conventional secretagogue or growth factor. Encoded within mitochondrial 12S rRNA, it has become a major research focus in metabolism, exercise biology, and healthy aging. In animals it behaves like an exercise-responsive metabolic regulator.

Mechanism

Preclinical literature describes MOTS-c as a regulator of glucose handling, insulin sensitivity, metabolic flexibility, and physical performance, with strong links to AMPK-related signaling and exercise adaptation. Mouse studies reported improved insulin sensitivity, protection against diet-induced obesity, and enhanced physical performance and healthspan. Human data are thinner: mainly observational studies showing that circulating MOTS-c changes with exercise or correlates with metabolic status and muscle phenotype. An interventional human trial is registered but is not yet the basis for clinical use.

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Reported benefits

Improved insulin sensitivity and obesity resistance in mice

Mouse studies reported improved insulin sensitivity, protection against diet-induced obesity, and enhanced physical performance and healthspan.

[motsc-pubmed-orig]

preclinical

AMPK-related signaling and exercise adaptation

Preclinical work links MOTS-c to AMPK-related signaling and exercise adaptation, supporting its framing as an exercise-responsive mitochondrial regulator.

[motsc-pubmed-orig]

preclinical

Human data: observational only

Human studies retrieved are mainly observational — showing that circulating MOTS-c changes with exercise or correlates with metabolic status and muscle phenotype. An interventional human trial is registered but not yet the basis for clinical use.

[motsc-pubmed-orig]

preclinical

Reported side effects

FDA: immunogenicity risk; no human exposure data on compounded products
clinical
FDA states compounded MOTS-c may pose immunogenicity risk, that the agency has not identified human exposure data on compounded MOTS-c products, and that it lacks important information needed to determine whether the drug would cause harm in humans.
No established human dosing standard
anecdotal
There is no established human dosing standard to report responsibly. Any "protocol" lacks regulator-vetted human safety data.

Dosing notes

No established human dosing standard exists. FDA states it has not identified human exposure data on compounded MOTS-c products. An interventional human trial is registered but has not yielded a clinical regimen.

Research use only. Information on this page is editorial reference, not medical or dosing advice. Always consult qualified medical guidance before use.

Storage

No validated product-specific MOTS-c storage standard located. Research peptide baseline: cold lyophilized storage (typically -20°C or colder), light protection, dryness, and minimal freeze-thaw after reconstitution.

Vendors carrying MOTS-c

No approved vendors are listing this peptide yet. Check back later or browse the full vendor directory.

Discussion

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References

[motsc-pubmed-orig]
MOTS-c original characterization and metabolic effects (PubMed)
Authors per PubMed entry · PubMed
Source
[motsc-fda-bulk]
FDA: certain bulk drug substances for use in compounding may present significant safety risks
U.S. FDA · FDA
Source

Reported benefits

Improved insulin sensitivity and obesity resistance in mice

AMPK-related signaling and exercise adaptation

Human data: observational only

FDA: immunogenicity risk; no human exposure data on compounded products

No established human dosing standard

Discussion